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Part two of two
Last week, I wrote about how the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission collects spawning walleyes that are used for propagation purposes. I was very fortunate to assist fish culturists Bill Smoyer and Barry Novobilski in tending their trap nets set in the choppy waters of Lake Wallenpaupack. During that visit, several dozen walleyes were collected and taken to Pleasant Mount State Fish Hatchery in Mount Pleasant Township, Wayne County.
It was my first visit to the hatchery, and I did not know what to expect. I was surprised to see a group of men in raincoats, thick rubber gloves and rubber boots. They were equipped with washtubs, buckets and turkey feathers — not your typical OB-GYN clinic.
But this surgical unit was more than prepared to handle dozens of pregnant moms and fertile dads. Tom Pekarski, manager of Pleasant Mount State Fish Hatchery, said they collect and fertilize nearly 20 million eggs each year.
The employees at the hatchery wasted no time and immediately transferred walleyes from the state Fish and Boat Commission truck to the hatchery.
Once inside, the technicians had to determine the sex of the walleyes. Males and females were separated and placed into respective holding tanks. Furthermore, the females had to be inspected and determined if they were “ripe” — ready to release their eggs — or “green,” meaning they are full of eggs that aren’t ready to be released. All of the “green” females were marked with a colored tag inserted in the dorsal fin. They are monitored for two weeks to see if they become ripe.
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“If they still don’t produce eggs, it is assumed that they already spawned and are taken back to the lake and released,” said Pekarski. “Every adult male and female walleye that were used for spawning are released back into Lake Wallenpaupack the next day.”
A group of three ripe females are placed in a large metal washtub of water that was mixed with an anesthetic solution. Within a few minutes, the female walleyes become sedated. A technician rinses off a female and, using light pressure from his thumb, carefully releases as many as 180,000 eggs from her body into a basin. Another technician holds a male walleye and applies gentle pressure on its lower abdomen, which releases sperms onto the eggs.
The basin full of walleye eggs and sperm is stirred with a turkey feather to make sure the sperm fertilizes the eggs. “The turkey feather is used because it won’t damage the eggs. It takes about two minutes to fertilize the eggs,” said Pekarski.
The fertilized eggs are mixed in a solution of water and Fuller’s earth — a claylike earthy material used to remove the natural adhesive on the eggs.
“The walleye is a broadcast spawner, and they spread their eggs along the bottom of the lake, where they stick to submerged vegetation and objects,” Pekarski said. “We need to remove that adhesive, otherwise they’ll just lump into one big cluster and die.”
The newly de-gunked eggs then go into incubation jars.
Pekarski said that by using this process, hatching success is 75 percent. In the wild, it could range from zero to 90 percent.
“There are so many variables that can affect natural hatching in the lake, such as insects, wave action and water temperature,” said Pekarski.
It takes about 21 days for the fertilized eggs to hatch. The newborn walleye called “fry” pass through a screen on top of the incubation jar and then into a large water-filled holding tank. Perkarski said, “Most of the fry in the tanks are released into lakes, such as Wallenpaupack. The remaining are transported to a holding pond and are allowed to reach the 1-inch fingerling stage, which takes about 35 days.”
The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission appears to have fish culturing down to a science, based on what I witnessed. It was my first visit to the Pleasant Mount hatchery and certainly not my last. I’ll be there within 35 days to see the results.
Rubber boots, Fuller’s earth and turkey feathers — who would have guessed?
Contact Rick Koval at pocononaturalist@yahoo.com or write to him at PO Box 454, Dallas, PA 18612.
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